Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphate (ZDDP) – Antiwear Additives

Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphates (ZDDPs) are versatile additives designed to meet a wide range of lubricant performance requirements. Thanks to their exceptional physical and functional properties, ZDDPs are ideal for lubricants and greases where controlling oxidation, corrosion, and wear is critical.

Understanding ZDDP Chemistry

ZDDP molecules contain alkyl groups that can be either primary or secondary, depending on the alcohol used in their synthesis:

• Primary Alkyl ZDDPs: Derived from primary alcohols, where the -OH group is at the end of the carbon chain.
• Secondary Alkyl ZDDPs: Derived from secondary alcohols, where the -OH group is attached to an internal carbon.

The structure of these alkyl groups strongly influences reactivity, thermal stability, and overall performance in lubricants.

Key ZDDP Types and Properties

Primary Alkyl ZDDP

• Ideal for diesel engine oils due to higher thermal stability.
• Alpha carbon bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom.
• Example: NiMAC® Z9916 – hydrolysis-resistant antiwear additive and antioxidant.

Secondary Alkyl ZDDP

• More reactive, often preferred for spark-ignited gasoline engines.
• Alpha carbon bonded to one hydrogen atom and two carbon atoms.
• Forms tribofilms faster but generally less thermally stable than primary ZDDPs.

Mixed Primary & Secondary Alkyl ZDDP

• Combines primary and secondary alkyl groups for balanced performance.
• Provides antiwear, mild oxidation inhibition, and corrosion protection.
• Light-colored and nearly odorless.
• Example: NiMAC® Z9817 – ideal for metalworking fluids, offering antiwear and mild extreme pressure performance across a wide temperature range. Compatible with sulfur carriers, e.g., Epoil WH115, as a chlorinated paraffin replacement.

NiMAC® Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate Product Range